《電子技術(shù)應(yīng)用》
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芯片搭載試驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù)存儲(chǔ)與傳輸系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)
電子技術(shù)應(yīng)用
劉海朝,鄒吉煒,張偉,房思超
長(zhǎng)光衛(wèi)星技術(shù)股份有限公司
摘要: 航天級(jí)芯片搭載試驗(yàn)過(guò)程中會(huì)產(chǎn)生大量數(shù)據(jù),為了實(shí)現(xiàn)對(duì)數(shù)據(jù)的存儲(chǔ)、管理與傳輸,并且適應(yīng)嵌入式設(shè)備內(nèi)存資源少等特點(diǎn),設(shè)計(jì)了采用SD卡和UDP的數(shù)據(jù)存儲(chǔ)與傳輸系統(tǒng)。首先,設(shè)計(jì)了數(shù)據(jù)存儲(chǔ)與傳輸系統(tǒng)架構(gòu),主控芯片通過(guò)SPI總線與SD卡通信,并通過(guò)UDP與搭載芯片和上位機(jī)通信。然后,介紹了SD卡和文件系統(tǒng)的選型和軟件設(shè)計(jì)。接下來(lái),基于LwIP進(jìn)行了數(shù)據(jù)傳輸部分的軟件設(shè)計(jì)。最后,通過(guò)實(shí)驗(yàn)驗(yàn)證了該數(shù)據(jù)存儲(chǔ)傳輸系統(tǒng)的有效性,并測(cè)試得到該系統(tǒng)的傳輸速率可達(dá)4.5 Mb/s且內(nèi)存占用僅為57 KB,滿足了芯片搭載試驗(yàn)過(guò)程中對(duì)數(shù)據(jù)存儲(chǔ)與傳輸?shù)男枨螅蚁啾扔趥鹘y(tǒng)的存儲(chǔ)與傳輸方式,該方法大大提高了傳輸速率,降低了內(nèi)存占用。
中圖分類號(hào):TN919;TP274.2 文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)志碼:A DOI: 10.16157/j.issn.0258-7998.256427
中文引用格式: 劉海朝,鄒吉煒,張偉,等. 芯片搭載試驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù)存儲(chǔ)與傳輸系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)[J]. 電子技術(shù)應(yīng)用,2025,51(9):117-121.
英文引用格式: Liu Haichao,Zou Jiwei,Zhang Wei,et al. Design of data storage and transmission system for chip loading test[J]. Application of Electronic Technique,2025,51(9):117-121.
Design of data storage and transmission system for chip loading test
Liu Haichao,Zou Jiwei,Zhang Wei,F(xiàn)ang Sichao
Chang Guang Satellite Technology Co., Ltd.
Abstract: A large amount of data will be generated during the aerospace-grade chip loading test. In order to realize the storage, management and transmission of data and adapt to the characteristics of embedded devices with limited memory resources, this paper designs a data storage and transmission system using Secure Digital(SD) card and User Datagram Protocol(UDP). First, the data storage and transmission system architecture is designed. The main control chip communicates with the SD card through the SPI bus, and communicates with the loaded chip and the host computer through UDP. Then, the selection and software design of the SD card and the file system are introduced. Next, the software design of the data transmission part is carried out based on Lightweight IP(LwIP). Finally, the effectiveness of the data storage and transmission system is verified by experiments, and the transmission rate of the system is as high as 4.5 Mb/s and the memory occupancy is only 57 KB. It meets the needs of data storage and transmission during the chip loading test, and compared with the traditional storage and transmission methods, this method greatly improves the transmission rate and reduces the memory occupancy.
Key words : loading test;SD card;file system;LwIP

引言

航天級(jí)芯片搭載試驗(yàn)是測(cè)試其在宇宙空間的可靠性與適應(yīng)性的重要手段,能夠推動(dòng)航天級(jí)元器件的成熟與發(fā)展,已成為國(guó)內(nèi)外航天新技術(shù)試驗(yàn)的重要試驗(yàn)項(xiàng)目之一[1]。

芯片搭載試驗(yàn)的研究實(shí)際上就是搭載試驗(yàn)平臺(tái)的研究,而搭載試驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù)的存儲(chǔ)與傳輸是搭載試驗(yàn)平臺(tái)設(shè)計(jì)的重要一環(huán),因此本文將針對(duì)數(shù)據(jù)的存儲(chǔ)與傳輸系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行設(shè)計(jì)研究。

根據(jù)調(diào)研,各行業(yè)研究人員對(duì)數(shù)據(jù)存儲(chǔ)與傳輸進(jìn)行了大量的探索試驗(yàn),并取得了顯著的成果。焦新泉等人[2]提出了一種SRIO與RS422相結(jié)合的數(shù)據(jù)存儲(chǔ)系統(tǒng),實(shí)現(xiàn)了2.5 Mb/s傳輸速率的高可靠數(shù)據(jù)存儲(chǔ),但因其占用內(nèi)存較高,不適用于嵌入式系統(tǒng)。薛磊[3]利用NAND Flash作為存儲(chǔ)介質(zhì),以太網(wǎng)作為數(shù)據(jù)傳輸方式實(shí)現(xiàn)了探測(cè)器負(fù)載的各項(xiàng)參數(shù)的存儲(chǔ)傳輸,但NAND Flash容量低,不適合大容量存儲(chǔ)。李小峰[4]以MCU為主控芯片,SD卡為大容量存儲(chǔ)介質(zhì),以太網(wǎng)為數(shù)據(jù)傳輸方式,設(shè)計(jì)了一款船舶氣象數(shù)據(jù)存儲(chǔ)裝置,但其使用的TCP/IP協(xié)議內(nèi)存占用較高。楊雷等人[5]采用SD卡存儲(chǔ)激光雷達(dá)數(shù)據(jù),提高了產(chǎn)品性能,降低了產(chǎn)品成本。劉慧豐等人[6]利用CAN總線傳輸數(shù)據(jù)和SD卡存儲(chǔ)數(shù)據(jù),設(shè)計(jì)了一種特種車輛測(cè)試數(shù)據(jù)存儲(chǔ)設(shè)備,但其傳輸速度較慢。吳春靜等人[7]采用SD卡和文件系統(tǒng)解決了航天探測(cè)中的大量數(shù)據(jù)存儲(chǔ)問(wèn)題。江自強(qiáng)等人[8]在32位ARM Cortex-M架構(gòu)的STM32平臺(tái)上實(shí)現(xiàn)了SD卡數(shù)據(jù)采集存儲(chǔ)系統(tǒng),解決了飛行器飛行試驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù)的存儲(chǔ)。劉光輝等人[9]針對(duì)皮納衛(wèi)星提出了一種基于三種介質(zhì)的三級(jí)文件數(shù)據(jù)存儲(chǔ)方法,增加了數(shù)據(jù)存儲(chǔ)的可靠性和讀寫(xiě)速度。孫巍等人[10]為了實(shí)現(xiàn)水聲數(shù)據(jù)采集存儲(chǔ)功能,利用SD卡作為存儲(chǔ)設(shè)備,以太網(wǎng)TCP通信作為數(shù)據(jù)傳輸方式,設(shè)計(jì)了一種小型低功耗數(shù)據(jù)存儲(chǔ)系統(tǒng),同樣存在內(nèi)存占用較高的問(wèn)題。羅雄飛[11]利用SD卡進(jìn)行數(shù)據(jù)存儲(chǔ),解決了風(fēng)電變流器故障數(shù)據(jù)記錄空間不足的問(wèn)題。鄧斌等人[12]在STM32平臺(tái)上,實(shí)現(xiàn)了SD卡數(shù)據(jù)存儲(chǔ)功能,滿足了小型水下航行器圖像與慣導(dǎo)數(shù)據(jù)的存儲(chǔ)。

綜上所述,大多數(shù)人選取了SD卡作為存儲(chǔ)設(shè)備,相比于NAND Flash等介質(zhì)具有容量大、兼容性好的特點(diǎn)[13],且自帶壞塊管理和擦寫(xiě)均衡功能;傳輸方式方面,RS422和CAN通信傳輸速率較低,而選擇使用完整TCP/IP協(xié)議的以太網(wǎng)通信的內(nèi)存占用較高;文件管理方面,大多沒(méi)有使用文件系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行文件管理。

為了解決現(xiàn)有研究成果傳輸速率低、內(nèi)存占用高等問(wèn)題,本文提出了一種以SD卡為存儲(chǔ)介質(zhì),使用文件分配表文件系統(tǒng)(File Allocation Table File System, FATFS)管理數(shù)據(jù),并選擇使用輕量化TCP/IP(Lightweight IP, LwIP)協(xié)議的以太網(wǎng)通信作為數(shù)據(jù)傳輸?shù)姆椒?。其中FATFS具有輕量化、效率高、易移植等特點(diǎn);LwIP具有輕量化、資源占用低等特點(diǎn)。


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作者信息:

劉海朝,鄒吉煒,張偉,房思超

(長(zhǎng)光衛(wèi)星技術(shù)股份有限公司,吉林 長(zhǎng)春 130031)


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